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What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

What is a 10-key experience

What is a 10-key experience? What are the requirements?

If you see a job listing that calls for “10-key experience” (the only time I’ve ever seen those words together is in that context), the job probably involves a lot of data entry and they want to make sure you are fast at using the ten-key to enter numbers.

“10-key experience” typically refers to proficiency in using the 10-key keypad on a computer or adding machine. The 10-key keypad is a section of the keyboard that features the digits 0 through 9, arranged similar to a calculator or numeric keypad. It also includes commonly used mathematical symbols such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Proficiency in 10-key data entry is often sought in job positions that involve numerical data input, financial transactions, or accounting tasks. Individuals with 10-key experience can quickly and accurately enter numeric data using the dedicated keypad, which is more efficient than using the top row of numbers on the standard keyboard.

Employers in fields such as accounting, finance, data entry, and administrative roles may require or prefer candidates who have 10-key experience, as it can contribute to faster and more accurate data input. Job descriptions may include phrases like “proficient in 10-key data entry” to highlight the importance of this skill for the role.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

A “10-key” is usually the little section of a computer keyboard on the right-hand side (only “full” keyboards have them) that looks like a calculator. The ten-key experience determines the experience level of how well someone can use this keypad (and how fast).

10-key data entry expedites this process, focusing only on the repeatedly used number keys, 0 through 9. It is more efficient and might cause less physical stress on the body because you only need to focus on a few keys rather than the hundred-plus keys on a standard keyboard.

You may have heard of the 10-key keyboard pad. For those who don’t know, this is the number pad on the right side of most keyboards. The ten-key experience is basically a way of determining the experience level of how well someone can use this keypad (and how fast).

It’s slightly different than typing because rather than using the words per minute, it’s measured on how many keystrokes every minute a person can achieve only using the number pad, hence why it’s called kpm. In this guide, we’re going to explain a bit about what a 10-key experience is and how you can increase yours!

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

The Ten Key Test measures an individual’s ability to perform data entry for numerical fields. The test provides a speed score (keystrokes per hour) and an accuracy score (number of correct fields). The test consists of 20 entries and typically takes less than 5 minutes, including instructions.

A ten-key refers to an adding machine or calculator with the numbers 1 through 9 in three rows of three. The term can also refer to the number pad on the right side of many computer keyboards, which features a similar setup.

Gathering and entering numbers on a computer is one of the most laborious aspects of data management. Ten-key data entry expedites this process, focusing only on the repeatedly used number keys, 0 through 9.

If you see a job listing that calls for “10-key experience” (the only time I’ve ever seen those words together is in that context), the job probably involves a lot of data entry and they want to make sure you are fast at using the ten-key to enter numbers.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

Of course, if it says “a ten-key experience” the use of the article suggests that the writer might be looking for an account of a particular thing that happened to someone using a ten-key.

I’m drawing a blank as to why such a thing would be interesting but there are lots of people in the world, so I’m sure someone has had “a ten-key experience” that’s worth relating.

A 10-key is typically a type of calculator that’s useful for accounting types of activities. Often, 10-keys are set so that you press the operand after the number, at least for addition and subtraction.

Learn 10 Key By Touch 2024

The 10 key pad is the group of numbers and symbols on the right side of most keyboards, it can also be a number pad with no keyboard attached. Ten key speed is measured with a Keystrokes per Hour Test.

Accuracy is extremely important in data entry because proof-reading is very difficult when you are trying to read a bunch of numbers. The minimum required KPH for many data entry jobs is 9,000. Scoring over 12,000 KPH with good accuracy (98%) on our free 10 key practice tests will qualify you for just about any data entry job.

Some employers will test your speed using the numbers only, by typing zip codes, and others will test you on all of the keys including the math symbols. If you want to know how your KPH test scores are calculated, see our ‘TEST‘ page.

10 KEY TEST INSTRUCTIONS

  • Sign up for a free account if you are interested in getting a typing certificate.
  • Type the line that is highlighted in green.
  • Press enter at the end of each line
  • You may use backspace to correct your errors, but don’t hold the backspace key down.
  • The test will scroll automatically after every 5th line.

t.uber/account-disabled

What is 10 Key Experience Commonly Used In?

There are many jobs that require specific number crunching, very similar to those that used to use calculators back in the day. Data entry is just one of the popular jobs that use 10KE, and it’s popular in customer service jobs, as well as other jobs which involve high amounts of numbers to be used.

At the same time, many jobs as simple as front desk clerks often need a 10-key experience skill level simply because they have a lot of paperwork and more. You may have seen examples of this when you go to a doctor or a bank, and they’re simply using nothing but the tab key and the number pad.

What is the definition of 10 keys?

A numeric keypad, number pad, numpad, or ten key, is the palm-sized, usually-17-key section of a standard computer keyboard, usually on the far right. It provides calculator-style efficiency for entering numbers.

What are ten key data entry skills?

Here are some critical data entry skills that most employers seek:

  • Typing speed.
  • Typing accuracy.
  • Communication skills.
  • Time management.
  • Attention to detail.
  • Ability to research and collect data.
  • Understanding of essential software.
  • Self-motivation.

Do I Need This Skillset?

As a matter of fact, most customer service or data entry jobs do require that you gain this skillset. If you haven’t yet, you can even take courses in college or go to a temporary employment agency to get the proper training. It’s best to get training at temp agencies though because they often allow people the experience to get other skills in, like spreadsheets, and even data entry.

An example:

If you have 10 cats, 2 monkeys, and 5 birds, and wanted to find out how many total animals you have, you would enter each key literally like this:

10 + 2 + 5 =

And then the calculator would display “17”. On a 10 key:

10 +

2 +

5 +

After you hit “10 +” the 10 key displays “10”. After “2 +”, display is “12.” And so on. You could easily subtract 2 by hitting “2 – “

The other thing about skills with a 10 key is just entry speed. Getting fast on a 10 key in the same way that people that have to type regularly are helped by increasing their typing speed.

What is a good 10 key speed? A ten key speed above 8,000 KPH (Keystrokes Per Hour) is higher than the average score, and over 10,000 KPH is usually considered a high speed (when it is achieved with zero errors).

What is the 10 key KPH for 35 WPM?

To calculate the Keystrokes Per Hour (KPH) for a given Words Per Minute (WPM) rate, you can use the following formula:

KPH = WPM * (Average word length) * 5

The factor of 5 is used to approximate the average number of characters in a word.

Assuming an average word length of 5 characters (which is a common approximation), let’s calculate the KPH for 35 WPM:

KPH = 35 * 5 * 5 = 875

So, the 10-key KPH for a typing speed of 35 WPM would be approximately 875 KPH. This calculation assumes an average word length of 5 characters. Keep in mind that actual word lengths can vary, so the accuracy of this estimation may vary as well.

How do I increase my typing speed from 25 wpm to 35 wpm in 20 days?

I think that 20 days would be somewhat less time to increase the typing speed provided you have never done it before… Believe me I learned to touch type within 30 days( 35-37 wpm)… And boy-o-boy I just nailed it, I practiced for about 6 hours a day…. If you could manage more than that, then it is possible….don’t listen to anybody, just do it…. All the best.

How fast can you type in WPM?

The biggest reason I’ve had to get good at quickly touch-typing is my job.

I’m a writer, and a big part of that is interviewing clients. I rarely record the calls, meaning that while the client is speaking, I’m taking notes live. I need to be able to type about as fast as they’re talking to catch all the details.

So I type a lot, fast and without thinking.

My boyfriend says I sound like I’m just smashing the keys indiscriminately when I type, because it’s just a noisy mass of clicks and clacks.

[For those who can’t see the image, I hit 122WPM. That’s higher than I can do on a call, just because the words it gives are pretty simple and I’m often using a larger vocabulary when typing client notes.]

What is a 10-key experience? What are the requirements?

What is a 10-key experience

Tenkey experience refers to the metric of how experienced someone is using the 10key pad on a keyboard. This is used extensively in data entry jobs that may use numbers rather than letters on keyboards.

good 10 key typing speed is 8,000 keystrokes per hour.

10 key typing speed that is accurate and over 10,000 keystroke per hour is considered above average. Some employers will have a required 10 key speed in order to be employed by their company, and this rate will vary by company.

Tenkey data entry, also tenkey or 10key, uses the numerical keypad on a computer keyboard, a calculator or a 10key pad to enter numeric data into computer systems and databases. … This skill is used in many jobs where you input financial, coding or number-based information.

10 Key Typing Test

  1. Type the highlighted portion then press enter.
  2. Use the small finger of your right hand to press enter.
  3. Place your middle finger over the key “5”, your index finger on “4” and ring finger on “6”.
  4. Remember not to use your left hand while practicing 10 key typing.
  5. Remember not to look at-the keyboard while typing.

10 Key Typing Test

  1. Type the highlighted portion then press enter.
  2. Use the small finger of your right hand to press enter.
  3. Place your middle finger over the key “5”, your index finger on “4” and ring finger on “6”.
  4. Remember not to use your left hand while practicing 10 key typing.
  5. Remember not to look at the keyboard while typing.

It takes less than 10 hours to learn to type with 10 fingers at about 15 words per minute and another 5 hours to reach hand writing speed of about 20 WPM. The best way is to learn over a short period of time. A lesson a day over 10 days and a further 5 days of practice-typing is recommended.

If you ever hear the term ‘10 key by touch‘, this just means that you are able to type without looking at the keys, this is important because if you have to look at the keys every time it will slow you down.

typing course
  • What are the 10 key skills?
  • What is a good speed for 10 key?
  • How do I get 10 key certified?
  • What is a good ten key score?

Can You Increase Your 10-Key Experience Yourself?

There are special ways that you can increase your 10KE on your own, and you can practice a lot on your own if you have a keyboard with a number pad. Unfortunately, some laptops and keyboards don’t have this, so one thing you can do is either buy a new cheap keyboard with one, or simply buy the number pad (which plugs in via usb) by itself. To practice and speed up your 10-key experience, simply:

  • Turn the Num Lock on.
  • Keep your middle finger on the #5 key.
  • Index finger on the #4, and ring finger on the 6 key. 4, 5, and 6 are the home row.
  • You can try different numbers while keeping your fingers in place. Start going with 4, 5, 6, repeat.
  • Add numbers 7, 8, 9. Only moving the fingers above the home row one at a time. Then do the same when starting to work in 1,2, and 3. 0 is the last number you want to add to your keystrokes, and it should be hit with your thumb (not your fingers). Get a long number sheet online or do a practice test.

Conclusion;

Ten-key experience refers to the metric of how experienced someone is using the 10-key pad on a keyboard. This is used extensively in data entry jobs that may use numbers rather than letters on keyboards.

Using the 10-key pad on the computer makes it easier to only focus on numbers instead of having to deal with all of the letters and the number line at the top of the keyboard.

Ten-key experience refers to the metric of how experienced someone is using the 10-key pad on a keyboard. This is used extensively in data entry jobs that may use numbers rather than letters on keyboards.

Most typing courses will ultimately teach you 10-key, as well as life experiences. The more you use a keyboard, the better you’re going to get at using the 10-key as well. Another way you can practice on a computer is to bring up the calculator app.

You can start with working simple equations (1+1, 1+2, 1+3, 4+1, and so on) and increase your speed quickly. Of course, this isn’t just using the 10 number keys, but it does help.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

Using the 10-key pad on the computer makes it easier to only focus on numbers instead of having to deal with all of the letters and the number line at the top of the keyboard.

Generally, 10-key experience is measured as “kpm,” or keystrokes per minute. This is similar to the “wpm,” or words per minute used as a typing metric. Ten-key experience is frequently necessary for several occupations, such as a work-at-home customer service agent, transcriptionist and medical coding and billing specialists.

To gain 10-key experience, one can take a course at a community college, use online tutorials, do training at a public library or get training at a temp agency. Temp agencies strive to employ individuals, so they often offer training in many other skills such as word processing, data entry, and spreadsheets.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median national wage for data entry keyers as of May of 2012 is $13.47 an hour, with the top ten percent earning $20.00 an hour.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

How important is SSL?

If I had to rate from 1 to 10 how important is SSL certificate to your website, it would get a round 10. It is a must for every successful website which wants to grow and gain more and more visitors. So let me tell you why this SSL has such importance.

To know all the benefits of SSL, you first have to understand what this SSL is and how it works.

SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer, which is, in general, a protocol that establishes a secure connection between a browser and a website. It ensures that all the data processed during the online activity is immune.

So this means that whenever the user is entering or requesting data from the website, they can be sure that the data will be encrypted and no one from the third party can encode or read it. This fact is essential in speaking about the importance of an SSL certificate.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

SSL certificate lets your website visitors feel safe on your website. It makes your site more reliable, and if you are using it for e-commerce, your customers can safely enter their personal information, make payments, and so on.

Users can indicate if the website has SSL by checking the website URL. If it starts with http:// – the site is not secured and doesn’t have SSL; however, if it starts with https://, the website is secured and has SSL. Depending on your browser, it should also show the padlock; without it – your website is not fully secured, and it’s better to investigate why! Scanning your website with the Why No Padlock? The tool is the best way to do it.

If you have the SSL certificate, but your website still shows the “Your connection is not private” error, you should check what could be causing it and how to fix it.

So, now that we know what an SSL certificate is, the question that’s left is – why do I need an SSL certificate?

Better Security

Protecting your visitors’ data is a must, especially if your visitors are coming from the European Union. At the end of May 2018, a new EU law was announced called GDPR. It is responsible for protecting the personal data of all citizens of the European Union and the European Economic Area. If you fail to protect your customers’ data security, you risk being penalized for up to 20 million euros.

It’s better to take all the measures to ensure this never happens, including a life-savior SSL, which provides a safer connection. What could be better?

Brand Credibility

Every website creator dreams about their brand succeeding; however, creating a brand and earning trust can be challenging. You have to go through many things, such as validating it, creating a logo that matches your audience, brand awareness, etc. Still, when you have a new brand that is not so well known to others, it is vital to build up brand credibility.

The brand thinking about the customers and their security looks way better than the one that isn’t. Not only – if you can guarantee risk-free transactions, but customers will also feel comfortable purchasing your services.

When installing the SSL certificate, your website uses the Certificate Authority (CA) validation process. CA can verify the identity of your website and your organization, depending on the type of SSL certificate. Extended Validation SSL will even show your organization name with the padlock. Once the identity is verified, your customers will know that your website is reliable and who they are talking to. This validation can be compared to the one Twitter accounts or Facebook pages have – it enhances the brand’s reputation and proves that your website is credible.

SEO rankings

If you want to improve your search ranking on Google, here is one of the answers! Google has declared HTTPS as one of its ranking factors. So now, most of the highly ranked websites on Google have SSL, and even though it is a very lightweight ranking signal, over time, Google is planning to strengthen it. Why? Google aims to create a safe internet community, and encouraging website owners to switch from HTTP to HTTPS is one of the steps to reach this goal.

Once you have an SSL certificate, you can improve your SEO ranking even more!

Traffic and Sales

Your website’s traffic and sales are closely related to SEO and the trustworthiness of your website, so in this case, you won’t be only ranking higher with SSL, but also – users won’t leave your cart due to lack of security.

Also, if you are receiving payments, your website should be Payment Card Industry (PCI) compliant. It has 12 primary requirements for sites that are using online payment systems, and SSL is one of them.

If you are still doubting whether you should get the SSL certificate, check the biggest websites you know – this should answer what you should be doing next to make your website shine among the others.

What’s the difference between user requirements and system requirements?

The difference should be interpreted from a communication perspective. It’s not about high-level v.s. Low-level, or functional v.s. Non-functional.

User requirements must be understandable to the users and all stakeholders, especially people who gave you money to build the software so that they can play smart by telling you what to do if they want to. User requirements must be described in the business domain and any format the stakeholders want to allow such mutual understanding.

Some people don’t read the text and communicate everything in diagrams; some prefer texts and tables, and others can only understand via metaphors and examples. You will be surprised by how differently people communicate. The user requirements should use as few technical terms as possible.

People are naturally afraid of things that they don’t understand. Thus, it’s important to keep them intellectually involved in development to a certain level, and that’s where the ‘User Requirements’ are helpful.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

From the development team’s perspective, they can be used to confirm requirements with all stakeholders before spending 500 hours building some code that later turns out useless to the stakeholders.

System requirements are for the development team, who needs to understand how to meet user requirements using available technologies practically. They often overlap with and sometimes become high-level designs. It is more important to discipline the smart-ass team members so everyone’s working on the same plan and to keep those arrogant ***’s heads clear so they know where they are.

(Yeah, the chain of hate is real). Non-technical users or stakeholders will need help understanding these requirements, often the root of trust issues and all evils.
In short, User Requirements are for your grandma to read, while System Requirements are for your college mates in Computer Science classes to read.

Unfortunately (and fortunately), the world is full of very different people, and no one is strong enough to get everything done alone. Thus we need collaboration. And first things first, we need effective communication and mutual understanding. That’s why we need both User Requirements and System Requirements.

How do I start fighting in ufc?

The best way to get into the UFC is to do well on local fight circuits and get “noticed.” But since getting noticed is harder than it sounds, another common path is through The Ultimate Fighter. Find out when tryouts are, and go tryout.

Both of these suggestions are skipping the hopefully obvious part of being an experienced martial artist and having some professional (in addition to amateur) fights under your belt. If that part isn’t obvious, I suggest you train in various martial arts disciplines.

Pick up a ground game (jiujitsu), and work on your wrestling and striking (muay thai kickboxing is usually a good place to start). You can also go directly to an MMA school and learn them combined (a more recommended approach).

But all in all, if you really want to step into the cage, you need to have a serious conversation with yourself. You must ensure you can take a physically, mentally, and emotionally grueling training regimen.

It will help if you forego many things you like to eat in favor of a healthy diet (yes, there are healthy and good-tasting foods, but you will need to make sacrifices). It would help if you were comfortable pushing yourself beyond the limits you’ve thought capable of.

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?

It would help if you were comfortable living in that place beyond limits that most people will never go. And it would help if you prepared yourself for winning (and losing) on the biggest martial arts stage on the planet and dealing with that heartbreak and remorse. And then getting back up when you’ve been knocked down (whether in training or competition).

And the reality is that most people who make it to the UFC don’t make it more than a few fights. So your goal should not just start in the UFC, as Conor McGregor (MMA fighter) says, “We didn’t come to take part, we came to take over.” Be a great martial artist and fighter first, network, and an opportunity will present itself.

You may have heard of the 10-key keyboard pad… For those who don’t know, this is the number pad on the right side of most keyboards. The ten-key experience determines the experience level of how well someone can use this keypad (and how fast). It’s slightly different than typing because rather than using the words per minute, it’s measured on how many keystrokes every minute a person can achieve only using the number pad – hence why it’s called kpm. In this guide, we will explain a bit about what a 10-key experience is and how you can increase yours!

What is 10 Key Experience Commonly Used In?

Many jobs require specific number crunching, similar to those that used calculators back in the day. Data entry is just one of the popular jobs that use 10KE, and it’s popular in customer service jobs, as well as other jobs involving high numbers to be used. At the same time, many jobs as simple as front desk clerks often need a 10-key experience skill level simply because they have a lot of paperwork and more. You may have seen examples of this when you go to a doctor or a bank, and they’re simply using nothing but the tab key and the number pad.

Do I Need This Skillset?

Most customer service or data entry jobs require you to gain this skillset. If you haven’t yet, you can even take courses in college or go to a temporary employment agency to get the proper training. It’s best to train at temp agencies, though, because they often allow people the experience to get other skills in, like spreadsheets and data entry.

Can You Increase Your 10-Key Experience Yourself?

There are unique ways to increase your 10KE on your own, and you can practice a lot on your own if you have a keyboard with a number pad. Unfortunately, some laptops and keyboards don’t have this, so you can buy a new cheap keyboard with one or buy the number pad (which plugs in via USB) by itself. To practice and speed up your 10-key experience, simply:

  • Turn the Num Lock on.
  • Keep your middle finger on the #5 key.
  • Index finger on the #4, and ring finger on the 6 key. 4, 5, and 6 are the home row.
  • You can try different numbers while keeping your fingers in place. Start going with 4, 5, 6, and repeat.
  • Add numbers 7, 8, 9. Only moving the fingers above the home row one at a time. Then do the same when starting to work in 1,2 and 3. 0 is the last number you want to add to your keystrokes, and it should be hit with your thumb (not your fingers). Get a long number sheet online or do a practice test.

Conclusion

Most typing courses will ultimately teach you 10 keys and life experiences. The more you use a keyboard, the better you’ll also get at using the 10-key. Another way you can practice on a computer is to bring up the calculator app. You can start with working simple equations (1+1, 1+2, 1+3, 4+1, etc.) and quickly increase your speed. Of course, this isn’t just using the 10-number keys, but it does help.

This 10-key typing test evaluates candidates’ ability to accurately and efficiently enter numerical data using the ten keys on a keyboard’s numeric pad, including the decimal point and mathematical operators. This test measures the speed and accuracy of a person’s data entry skills in keystrokes per hour (KPH).

The Ten Key Test measures an individual’s ability to perform data entry for numerical fields. The test provides a speed score (keystrokes per hour) and an accuracy score (number of correct fields). The test consists of 20 entries and typically takes less than 5 minutes, including instructions.

The ten-key typing test is a process to check how fast a person can type numbers and symbols. We can quickly increase our ten critical speeds by practising correctly. The ten-key touch typing process is similar to the alphanumeric touch typing method. Unlike here, you can use only your right hand to type.

So, What Makes a Key Experience? Experiences are events in a leader’s life that result in learning, growth and increased capacity to lead effectively. Gallup has worked with many organizations to define such vital experiences.

What exactly do you mean by a 10-key experience?

  1. The 10-key experience uses the numerical keypad on a calculator, computer keyboard, or a 10-key pad to enter numeric data into the database and computer systems. It is used extensively in data entry jobs. The 10-key board facilitates typing by not letting you deal with all the letters and find the numbers within the keyboard. Instead, all the keys are separately established from 0-9, which can be accessed effortlessly. 10 key experience

How the 10-key name originated?

  1. The name is derived from the number of keys it holds, consisting of 10 keys (0-9) to enter the data.

How is the 10-key experience measured?

  1. It is measured in ‘kpm’, which is keystroke per minute. Kpm and productivity are directly related to each other. It is similar to the ‘wpm’, implying word per minute used as a typing metric. 10 key experience

What is the 10-key experience used in?

  1. 10-key experience is used in numerous jobs and businesses such as customer service engagement, medical coding, transcriptionist, billing specialists, baking sector, etc. Primarily the 10-key functionality is essential for jobs that involve high amounts of the number to be used or those dealing with a lot of paperwork. It is one of the reasons why 10-key experience is a requisite, especially for Data entry jobs.

Is having a 10-key experience necessary?

  1. If you already are or want to get involved in data entry jobs or any customer service engagement sector, it will require you to gain the skillset and expertise in 10KE. 10 key experience

What level of 10-key experience do data entry jobs require?

  1. 1. Ten-key techniques
  2. Proficient 10-key data operators do not see the keyboard while typing any key or entering the data. The most common and helpful method skilled 10-key data operators use is keeping their thumb at ‘0’, the baby finger at ‘Enter,’ and the three middle fingers on 4, 5, 6, or 1, 2, 3 or 7, 8, 9.
  3. The home row is 4, 5, and 6, which means the operators keep their three fingers primarily on them.
  4. 2. The numeric keyboard
  5. 3. Speed and Accuracy
  6. A minimum rate is specified to apply for all data entry jobs. One must be accurate about the figures as the companies ensure the speed and accuracy based on one’s keys per stroke (kps), strokes per minute (ppm), and keys per hour (kph).
  7. According to the Typing Institute of America, a person with expertise in 10KE must have 4000 to 5999 keystrokes per hour with 94% accuracy. At the same time, a Master is considered to hit more than 10,000 keystrokes per hour with more than 97% accuracy.
  8. 10 key experience

Can I enhance the 10-key experience myself?

  1. Of course, you can. The best way to speed up your 10KE has resulted in astounding results. To do it, you need to:
  • Turn the Num Lock on
  • Ensure your middle finger is on the #5 key
  • Your index finger should be on #4, while the ring finger should be on key 6.
  • Now that you can see, all these keys: 4, 5, and 6, are in the home row.
  • You can try different numbers while keeping your fingers in place.
  • Try the same with 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, and 3. Just press 0 with your thumb, not with any finger.
  • Do a practice test online and get better.
  • 10 key experience

What is a 10-key experience? and requirements?